Assigxoe to tii



' Oiis; and dc hereby declare that numbered with other Qcfcctivc ciis, but

Li Ii? E E i? i5- SAML'EL GIBBUXS, 9F FR EX'CELSIOR 01L MANUFACTU mimmc Emmi ZEDGM, PEKJSYLVAKIA, ASSIGSDR TO THE JXG COMPANY DF PENNSYLVANIA.

Sg-ccificniicn fanning part of Leticia Patent No. fitfligfigfi, dated Marc-112, 1859.

' .To 1131 20510211 '25 may; comma:

Be ii; known tha's I, SAMUEL fimnom, cf Frecdcm'giin the county at Bcavcr, am'i in the State ci'iicnnsyivzmia have invented certain "new and usai'ui Improvements in Lubricating i310 i'ciicwing is a full, clear, c116 exam; iicscripticn thereof,

The nature cf my invcnticn ccnsists iu treai' img crude pct'rcicum i0 the direct ccticc cf steam c1 cuperiicate'l stcam,citi1er in imii; or imciicnai quantities, in such way as tc re duce the cii to the proper gmviiay for 6210!,211111 not tar or dcccmpcsc the oil, but allow t0 retain its natural iubricciing pimpcrties, mm, at the same 57116,)52133036 tiic mcrc voiatiic portions, cf the oil and the earthy acids i'z'cmiiic amide peircicum,

After careful cbscrvction am repeated ex:- pcrimcnts I have fcumi iimfcpctrclczlm ci 't-i'catcai by steam pcsscssccs qnciitics as a iubri' cctcr fci' machinery cvcr aw)". aiiove other ciis izcrctcfcrc imcwn.

The nsuai iubricaiing-ciis pcssess mere 01' less gait and ctiicr earthy matter, which will wear the machinery orbcccmccicgg g so tin. instead of msisiiicg tc mcrcomc friction, they will rctani thc came 01* yarcdccc morcfricticn.

leiroicmn n01: treated by cumin can 120 when ireatcfiwiii sieam cbviatcs aii prcvicus difd cxiitics.

' in treating pcftz'ciccm to the direct aciicn cf zitczun c a-zupcz'iicaicd steam m; 2i ccrtaic. icm pcrcturc a afiiuity mkca piacc cc/ween time minutc pm'ticics of steam and iiic gicbuies cf cii, when 'iizc sic-am is ccni'ienscii water 219 izcid in scape-253mm. cc ccmcinciicn with ici'gcr particles cf cii, so that 531c miiiiicc ci water to the ye'ircicum is about iwc 31cc ccni, more ,cr less. This combination viii ccntinuc as icng as the oil is amt cxpcccfi i0 extreme high or lcw temperature, ami while :210 cficity can tixmcc the cii is a. siiii bcitcr icbaricctcr fer flammer macs than at car the affini'ty i ficstioycd; but for white? 1180 is is much c4. 1 ic re move the water, as, the uii {iiiliiifl imi-icr com ite t. O'themvisc, time waster ircczicg as. 2 cm cii wiii iicccmc lumpy ii the iicirci or can, Also this a :iing upon. 0:: trcatirig the 031 to the ,iiiract aciimz cf size-am wiii prccipiicic all the wit, scdiincni-g c1 ctiact fci'cign snbsiccccs, of

"whatever nature 01 kind, which are detrimental to machinery in mast treat ail oils, and wiil, at the same time, remove the more vciaiii c particns cf. the oil, and cat tar: 01 civic: c1 icccmpcse 01: in any way injure it.

In preparing my ml for iubricating pmgmccs itcan iuc done in built ciflmcticnal quantities. Cihc prcccss is very cimpic and pic-in. If in imik, the cii is piaccfi. in a tank or stiii, and fiepcndcnt cimmbcrs 01- pipes placed (it can be dcnc wiiiiout, has not so weiL';

The steam is admitted (lircctiy intc the body parts cf tine oil are treateci alike ggml reduced evenly. Jecpipcs are not absoiutcigncccssmy,

I but are better. As the cii bcccmcs heated the lighter cr mom voiatile oiis are carriefi 0E, and all the grit, sediment, or foreign substances are precipitated and drcpintc the ileiiilldeflii chambcrs, and arc carries ofi' by means of siphon-pipes attached. It; neutralizes all thc earthy acids in the 0i! which are injurious to machinery. When the cii becomes sufiicicntiy hot 2 union or aiiinity takes piacc between the particles of oil and water, which makes the oil a much better lnbricctor while this union conibiimcs. The action of the steam upon the cii is continued until it is of suificicnt body fell? the purpose designed, which I have found to be from thiriy degrees to iiiiri-y-six degrees, ac carding to the kind of machinery cm which it, is 30 be used. For milmmi purposes, roilingmills; hcavy marine engines; and. heavy ma cixincry gcncmiiy, ahoui thirty-two degrccc gravity is icuml m be best. For lighter machinczy ails cf iightcr gravity arc fcumi mun; ciiapi cbic. Pcti'cicnm being more, casily ai cii rcduccd 30 a icwcr gravity is miaptciii cvcn as icw as twenty-six be twenbyeighi', dc grecs gravity without Earring c2 ccicz'ing the same. If I Wished to reduce my oil in semimik 0r fractional quantities, I wouki admit my st eam directiy, as bcfcrc, mm the vii while it: was gassing tin'cngh or me: she 'bcticm of a i'ctort cr'ctiii. Tc get a heavy vii; 1 would mm it much slower or at a grcctcr distance,

longer action of decimal result, At the bottom of any stili I of cii, cm by means of numerous jccpipes, all

iccicd. by heat ami com for summer uses, an

I find; we can reduce cii, by steam direct,

either ct which would snificct the oil w a,

the steam ami yroiiucc thewould have chambers dependent, as in the case of reducing the oil in bulk. The action of thesteam is the same, either in bulk or fractional quantities. Superheated steam is best, it reducing by fractional or continuous distillation, as the action is much more rapid, cnabl in g the production of larger quantities of oil. This can be done in various Ways, one of which is seen by reference to the Letters latcut for an improved process for the distillation of oil granted to me January 12, 1869.

Any suitable d'evice, apparatus, or machine may be used to treat the oil, and when so treated becomes a cheap, efficient, and prac-- tical article for the use claimed.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The within-described process of preparing petroleum or hydrocarbon oils for lubricating purposes, as specified.

2. The preparing of petroleum or hydrocarbon oils for lubricating purposes, by reducing the gravity of the same by the directaction of steam or superheated steam upon the crude petroleum while in a still, tank, or retort, substantially as set fortln- 3. The reducing of petroleum in a still or retort, with or without dependent chmnl:e:s,- and with one or more jet-pipes, by the direct action of steam or superheated steam, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

- 4. The reducing of crude petroleum for lubrieating purposes, either in bulk or fracfi quautites, by the direct action of steam per-heated steam, substantially as set forth 5. As a new manufacture, an oil product, ft above described, when produced from crullilit: petroleum by evaporation of the lighter and removing of all earthy acids, grit, a sediment by the direct action of steam, substantially as set forth.

6. The improved lubricating-oilfor machinery, as herein described, prepared from petroleum by the direct application of steam or superheated steam to the crude petroleum, as set forth.

7. Petroleum for lubricating purposes, when the same has been prepared or reduced to theproper gravity, in the manner set forth. V

S. The employment of steam or superheated steam-treated petroleum, holding water in suspension, for summer lubricating purposes, as described.

9; The employmentof steam or superheated. steam-treatedpetroleum, after the water has been removed, for winter lubricating purposes, as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing. I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of January, 1869.

SAML. .GIBBONS.

\Vitnesses:

G. E. WALMER, J. R. LOCKIIART. 

